Fundamental working principle of Automotive components, including vehicle structure, suspension and shock absorption system, braking system, steering system, engine and drive unit (internal combustion engines and electric motors), transmission systems, cooling system, electrical energy storage system, electronic engine control system. The calculation of transmission gear ratio, the required propulsion power and one-dimensional longitudinal vehicle dynamics, and the simulation of quarter-car suspension system. The practices of engine disassembly and reassembly, ignition system, fuel injection system, suspension and shock absorption system, braking system, and basic car maintenance in accordance with the service manuals.